Department of Criminal Justice & Legal Studies
Dr. David Marble, Chairperson
dmarble@missouriwestern.edu
(816) 271-5960
missouriwestern.edu/criminal-justice-legal-studies/
The Department of Criminal Justice and Legal Studies offers students the option of studying in three separate degree programs: Criminal Justice, Legal Studies and Law.
Students interested in the area of law enforcement, corrections, and juvenile justice may pursue one of two degree options available in the criminal justice program:
- An associate of science degree with a major in Criminal Justice or;
- A bachelor of science degree with a major in Criminal Justice with a general concentration or a concentration in legal studies.
Students interested in the area of law may pursue a Bachelor of Science degree with a major in Law.
Students interested in working in the legal profession may major in the paralegal program. Missouri Western’s Paralegal Program is a voting member of the American Association for Paralegal Education. In addition, the program is approved by the American Bar Association. In the program, students may pursue a course of study leading to an associate of science degree with a major in Legal Assistant, a certificate, a B.S. Degree in Criminal Justice with a concentration in legal studies, or a B.S. Degree in Law.
The Department offers a Graduate Certificate and a Masters of Applied Science in Forensic Investigations. The Certificate and M.A.S. are designed to provide individuals the opportunity to receive instructions from eminent forensic scientists and other distinguished professionals as well as department faculty. Several forensic investigation courses are available to undergraduates as well. These courses and degrees are of particular interest to professionals and students interested in a career in crime scene investigation. For more information contact your advisor, the department, or go to our graduate website at missouriwestern.edu/criminal-justice-legal-studies/forensic-investigation/.
Criminal Justice and Legal Studies
The criminal justice program seeks to prepare students for entry into or advancement within the criminal justice profession in any of the many areas existing within the career field or for graduate studies in a related field. Such areas include:
- Juvenile justice agencies: Division of Youth Services, Juvenile Court, Missouri Department of Social Services (Most juvenile justice agencies presently require a degree in a related area.)
- Investigative agencies: Federal, state, county and local agencies, including private investigative agencies.
- Conservation agencies: These agencies enforce wildlife regulations.
- Correctional agencies: Institutions and probation/parole systems within federal, state and county governmental.
- Industrial security: Corporate interests nationwide.
- Legal profession: Corporate, private, government agency, and public interest law offices.
Legal Studies
The Legal Studies Program offers a course of study designed to prepare the individual to work in the evolving paralegal profession. A student in this program will be taught the skills needed to obtain an entry level position as a paralegal. The skills the student will learn include legal research, interviewing, investigation, legal drafting, preparation of evidence and witnesses for trial, and assisting in the trial of a lawsuit.
This program prepares individuals for career opportunities in small law firms, large law firms of fifty attorneys or more, legal departments of banks, insurance companies, land title insurance companies and other corporations, legal aid offices, public defender offices, the office of the prosecuting attorney, and municipal legal departments.
Paralegals are not legally permitted to practice law. Only attorneys, who are licensed in the state by the state Supreme Court, can practice law.
To graduate from the program students must:
- Satisfactorily complete all courses required in the program;
- Perform legal research and analysis by using legal research material;
- Draft and prepare legal documents;
- Identify and explain the various functions performed by a paralegal;
- Explain the role of the paralegal working in a law office;
- Identify ethical issues, rules and standards that a paralegal must follow when working under an attorney's supervision (a paralegal's conduct is expected to conform to these ethical standards);
- Perform the functions of a paralegal under the supervision of a practicing attorney.
Legal Assistant Certificate
The specialized Legal Assistant Certificate program enables students to focus on the technical, legal specialty courses that will enable them to work as paralegal. The program is designed for the student who has already earned a substantial number of college credits, or a college degree, and by reason of education and experience, only needs selected courses to round out their education.
Entrance Requirements
Students must have earned at least 30 college credits prior to enrolling in the program. Eighteen of these hours must be general education elective credits. General education is defined as post-secondary courses in the following areas:
- language and composition,
- mathematics,
- social and behavioral sciences,
- physical and biological sciences, and
- theater and humanities.
This must include ENG 104 College Writing and Rhetoric and ENG 108 College Writing and Research (or their equivalents or otherwise demonstrate a proficiency in English).
Specific requirements for this certificate can be found here.
- Criminal Justice (Bachelor of Science, B.S.)
- Law (Bachelor of Science, B.S.)
- Criminal Justice (Associate of Science, A.S.)
- Legal Assistant (Associate of Science, A.S.)
Certificate
Criminal Justice (CRJ)
CRJ 100 Introduction to Criminal Justice Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: A survey of the philosophical and historical background of the criminal justice system as it relates to the individual; reviews the principles underlying social organization control devices with an emphasis upon such legal systems as the criminal courts, corrections, and law enforcement; designed to provide general knowledge about the concept and causes of crime, the varying goals and objectives of the criminal justice system, and an assessment of specific role performance of various members of the criminal justice system including major aspects of civil process.
CORE 42: MOTR CRJS 101; Introduction to Criminal Justice (attribute MO11)
CRJ 110 Introduction to Juvenile Justice Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: Studies the delinquent juvenile as an individual and the impact on society; investigates delinquency, causation, the role of the law enforcement officer, the juvenile officer, the juvenile court, and juvenile corrections.
CRJ 130 Introduction to Policing Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: Examines issues critical to the policing of today's society. Although the primary focus will be on problems faced by street officers, the philosophical concepts will be of concern to anyone in the criminal justice system.
CRJ 140 Traffic Control and Accident Investigation Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: Introduction to traffic control and accident investigation in modern cities; reviews principles of organizing and administering police units for traffic enforcement, accident prevention, and safety education; presents basic techniques of accident investigation, analysis, and interpretation.
CRJ 190 Criminal Investigation Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: A course on modern investigative methodology. All aspects of the criminal investigative function of the police are fully covered from the preliminary investigation to the preparation of the case for review by the prosecutor. Particular attention is given to the importance of information, interrogation, and instrumentation in the solution and preparation of criminal cases for trial. Prerequisite(s): LAT 101 or CRJ 100.
CRJ 200 Introduction to Corrections Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall.
Course Description: The origins and theories of punishment and the prison system; introduces principles and programs of institutional correction and special problems in administration; reviews modern recommendations for improvement of the system. Prerequisite(s): CRJ 100.
CRJ 260 Criminal Law Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: Explores the origin, development, and classification of substantive criminal law; reviews the rules of evidence of particular importance at the operational level of law enforcement and criminal procedures in arrest, force, search, and seizure. Prerequisite(s): Completion of 9 credit hours in criminal justice or legal studies.
CRJ 270 Probation and Parole Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Spring.
Course Description: Examines probation, parole and alternatives to confinement and their effectiveness in curbing future criminal behavior. Prerequisite(s): CRJ 100.
CRJ 275 Police Photography Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: To introduce students to the principles and practices of police photography. They will learn the legal issues for the development of evidence and the way photography is used in the field of criminal justice. Prerequisite(s): Completion of 6 credit hours in criminal justice or legal studies or permission of the instructor.
CRJ 280 Criminalistics Credits: 4
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: Introductory survey of modern methodology for police laboratories and introduces the means of achieving high degrees of proficiency in the field of scientific criminal inquiries with the use of laboratory equipment. This will allow the student the opportunity to have actual experience in utilizing the techniques performed in the forensic laboratory. Prerequisite(s): CRJ 190.
CRJ 300 Criminal Justice Communications Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: The study of interviewing and interrogation as an oral form of communication; the legal guidelines, and the techniques used in the field of criminal justice. The development of technical writing skills to transfer oral communications into written materials, in the form of narrative reports to be used in the criminal justice field. Prerequisite(s): ENG 104 and COM 104.
CRJ 305 Introduction to Theories of Crime Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: Provides an introduction to the study of crime and causation of crime from the interdisciplinary perspectives of sociology, psychology, and biology. This course is primarily concerned with understanding the causes of crime and examining some of the most influential explanations for criminal behavior. Also, this course examines various categories of crimes such as (1) violent crimes, (2) property crimes, (3) white collar and organized crimes, (4) public order crimes and (5) cyber crimes and technologies. Prerequisite(s): 9 hours in criminal justice or permission of course instructor.
CRJ 315 Criminal Justice Concepts and Issues Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Spring.
Course Description: Gives students an opportunity to investigate selected problems or topics on a group discussion basis. Provides materials which reflect prevailing trends and fundamental concepts in criminal justice. Prerequisite(s): Completion of 9 credit hours in criminal justice or legal studies and CRJ 305.
CRJ 320 Criminal Evidence Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: Comprehensive study of evidentiary rules and procedures that apply to the enforcement of criminal law and to the stages of investigation and trial. Prerequisite(s): Completion of 9 credit hours in criminal justice or legal studies.
CRJ 325 Understanding Research in Criminal Justice Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: An introduction to qualitative and quantitative criminal justice research method theory and techniques. In addition, this course will examine ethics, academic writing and the components of a research study. The student will also be responsible for the building and general interpretation of a database. Prerequisite(s): Completion of 9 credit hours in criminal justice, legal studies or social work and successful completion of the general studies math requirement, or permission of instructor. MAT 112 is recommended, but not required.
CRJ 345 Victimology Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: This course provides the student with an opportunity to amine the recent and rapidly developing branch of criminology designed to study the crime victim. The student will examine both vulnerability and culpability of crime victims. Specifically the history of victimology and the victim's experience with the criminal justice system will be discussed. The rights and laws concerning crime victims as well as general safety and risk issues will also be emphasized throughout the course. The issue of family violence will be examined thoroughly at the end of the course.
CRJ 365 Practicum I Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: An applied learning experience designed to provide students with a practical experience that is supervised in a criminal justice or legal agency, monitored by the instructor. The student will be required to work at least 135 hours in the field. The experience in the field must be combined with further study of one aspect of the placement agency, which the student must research and write about in a term paper due at the end of the semester. Students who use this course for part of the Applied Learning requirement must further develop this paper and a presentation in CRJ 470 that is based on the student's work in CRJ 365. May be repeated for up to 6 credit hours. Prerequisite(s): Declared criminal justice or legal studies major and completion of 9 credit hours in criminal justice or legal studies.
CRJ 375 Sentencing Practices and Issues Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: This course will address issues of sentencing in the United States. Sentencing theories, paradigms and topics will be examined in both historic and current context. These will include death penalty, imprisonment, community based sanctions and rehabilitative sanctions. Key court cases will be used to develop an understanding of the restrictions placed on sentencing in the US, at the local, state and federal court levels. Prerequisite(s): CRJ 100 or permission of instructor.
CRJ 392 Selected Criminal Justice Topics Credits: 1-4
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: Provides students with the opportunity to examine specialized or advanced topics in criminal justice. Topics will be offered on a rotating basis. These topics will usually be an in-depth examination of a subject introduced in other CRJ courses. There may be an applied learning experience with this course, such as a trip or other related activity.
CRJ 405 Research Methods Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: Provides the student an understanding of the practical usage of key methods of research and statistical evaluation in criminal justice and law. Methods will be demonstrated via classroom application and academic journal articles. The student will develop a research proposal in an area of his or her particular interest during this course. Prerequisite(s): CRJ 325 or permission of course instructor.
CRJ 410 Criminal Procedure Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Spring.
Course Description: Explores criminal law and examines court decisions as they pertain to functional law enforcement procedures. Prepares the individual to maintain professional skill levels in this area over an extended period of time. Prerequisite(s): CRJ 260.
CRJ 420 Quantitative Analysis in Criminal Justice Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: Quantitative analysis bridges the gap between evaluation and policy implication by providing the student experience utilizing, interpreting, and presenting statistics and statistical models. A key component of this course will be examining restrictions on data and matching the appropriate statistical technique to the data source. Prerequisite(s): Completion of CRJ 405 or permission of course instructor.
CRJ 440 Juvenile Law and Procedures Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Spring.
Course Description: The jurisdiction of juvenile courts; their function and organization; processing the detention of juveniles; case disposition; juvenile statutes; and court procedures. Prerequisite(s): CRJ 110.
CRJ 450 Independent Research/Project Credits: 1-6
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: Investigation of a research problem, project, or topic on an individual conference basis. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite(s): Minimum of 2.5 GPA in major field, and departmental approval.
CRJ 460 Criminal Justice Administration and Leadership Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: An overview of administration and management in criminal justice organizations. This course utilizes both historical and current organizational theory, leadership, and planning. Examines the impact of communication, legal issues, ethics, and changing social standards. Prerequisite(s): Completion of 9 credit hours in criminal justice or legal studies.
CRJ 465 Internship Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring, Summer.
Course Description: An academic program which offers criminal justice and legal studies majors an opportunity to integrate theory with actual practice. Students spend at least 135 hours in a position related to their major. Anticipated learning objectives are established in a contract agreed to by the student, the on-site supervisor and the course professor. The student will work with the faculty member to identify a topic during the Internship to develop further and present on in CRJ 470. May be repeated for up to 6 credit hours. Prerequisite(s): CRJ 325.
CRJ 470 Senior Seminar Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: Designed for seniors majoring in criminal justice or legal studies; presents selected topics for group discussion, guest speakers, and the exploration of career options. Paper and PowerPoint presentation will be required, based on a topic developed during CRJ 365 Practicum I or CRJ 465 Internship. This course should be taken during the student's senior year. Prerequisite(s): Senior standing and either CRJ 365 or CRJ 465 or permission of course instructor.
CRJ 492 Advanced Selected Criminal Justice Topics Credits: 1-3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: Senior level students are given the opportunity to study more advanced topics in criminal justice with either full-time faculty or faculty with specialized credentials recruited from outside the University. There may be an applied learning experience with this course, such as a specialized lab component, study away or other related activity. This course is repeatable for credit.
Legal Assistant (LAT)
LAT 101 Introduction to Law Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: Examines: the American legal system; the nature and functions of civil law; the function and structure of the state and federal court system and administrative agencies. The course also presents an overview of the trial of a civil lawsuit and a survey of the major areas of civil law.
LAT 115 Paralegal Studies Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: Examines the role of the legal assistant in the practice of law. The course will identify paralegal functions, types of employment for paralegals, the structure of a law office and law office systems. The course will examine issues regarding paralegal education, licensing of paralegals, paralegal professional ethics, and the unauthorized practice of law. Prerequisite(s): Credit or concurrent enrollment in LAT 101.
LAT 220 Legal Research Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall.
Course Description: Students examine the components of a law library. Through research projects and assignments, students gain experience working with law legal reference material including statutes, cases, regulations and annotated summaries of law. Methods of legal writing and citation style are introduced. Prerequisite(s): Credit or concurrent enrollment in LAT 101.
LAT 225 Litigation Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Spring.
Course Description: Examines the procedures involved in a lawsuit. Subjects covered include: civil court procedures, types of lawsuits, pleadings, pretrial preparation, trial and post-trial procedures. The course will emphasize the role of the various people involved in this process. Prerequisite(s): LAT 220.
LAT 230 Real Property Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Spring.
Course Description: Presents the major legal concepts associated with the law of real property and real estate transactions. Emphasis on the historical common law concepts of property; present statutory structure; and common practices in the conveyance and ownership of real estate.
LAT 250 Legal Computer Applications Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: Examination of legal applications of computer technology. Students will examine the use of electronic resources to access, acquire, crate and provide information electronically. The course will use commercial and non-commercial sources of information, software, governmental/public domain material (statues, regulations, cases). Students will learn to use personal computers for communication and to explore the Internet, Westlaw, and other electronic sources. Prerequisite(s): Prior computer knowledge or course work is recommended for students, including word processing techniques, the Internet, and e-mail.
LAT 310 Legal Drafting Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall.
Course Description: Technical skill course where students will learn the fundamentals of drafting legal documents in areas of Property, Torts, Business Organizations, Domestic Relations, and Contracts. Prerequisite(s): LAT 225.
LAT 316 Philosophy of Law Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: This course will survey several of the central schools of thought in the philosophy of Anglo-American jurisprudence. To do this, we will consider five major questions: What is law? What, if any, connection is there between law and ethics? When should law be used to restrict the liberty of individuals? To what extent should democratic states permit civil disobedience? What justifies inflicting punishment on those who violate the law? Same as PHL 316. Prerequisite(s): Any previous philosophy course.
LAT 320 Tort Law Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall.
Course Description: Studies the law in the areas of personal injury, malpractice and products liability law. Emphasis on the origin of these actions, the present state of the law, and the future in "Tort Reform" and Alternative Dispute Resolution. Prerequisite(s): LAT 101.
LAT 335 Interpersonal Conflict Resolution Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: In-depth examination of the mediation process. Students will learn methods to promote settlement in disputes. Same as PAX 335.
LAT 340 Study Away in Criminal Justice and Legal Studies Credits: 1-3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: This course focuses on one or more criminal justice and legal studies issues and the institutions responsible for the creation and execution of the law (i.e., the judicial branch, the legislative branch and/or the executive branch of this or another country). Content of the course varies, but includes an applied learning experience involving travel to another part of the United States or another country. May be repeated for up to 12 hours of credit. Prerequisite(s): Completion of 45 college credit hours or instructor's permission.
LAT 360 Probate Law Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall.
Course Description: Studies the origins and the present legal framework for the law of inheritance, guardianship/conservatorship, and trusts. Includes general principles of law, terminology, and theoretical basis of Probate. Prerequisite(s): LAT 101.
LAT 365 Selected Topics in Peace and Conflict Studies Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: Specialized course work in interpersonal and/or international conflict studies. May be repeated as content varies for a maximum of 9 credits.
LAT 370 Domestic Relations Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: Studies the law and court procedures concerning family relations. Emphasis will be on marriage and its validity, divorce, legal separation, child custody and visitation, child support and maintenance, guardianship, paternity, adoption and the Family Court. Students will research and write about issues concerning family law. Prerequisite(s): LAT 101.
LAT 400 Advanced Legal Research Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: Students will integrate the use of the law library and computer legal research tools to develop advanced legal research and writing skills. Legal research and writing exercises will be used to prepare students to perform these more advanced tasks in a law office environment or in post-graduate work. Methods of legal writing and citation will be addressed as well. Prerequisite(s): LAT 220 and LAT 250 or permission of course instructor.
LAT 420 Civil Rights Law Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: Substantive law course examining actions brought by individuals who claim that their rights, under the United States Constitution, have been violated. Course will cover 42 U.S.C. Section 1983, Writ of Habeas Corpus, and actions brought directly under the United States Constitution. Prerequisite(s): LAT 101 or permission of course instructor.
LAT 430 Conflict Management Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Spring.
Course Description: Examines non-litigation forms of resolving legal disputes. Emphasis will be placed on Negotiation, Mediation and Arbitration. Same as PAX 430.
LAT 492 Selected Legal Topics Credits: 1-3
Typically Offered: Fall, Spring.
Course Description: Provides students with the opportunity to examine specialized or advanced topics of law. Topics will be offered on a rotating basis. These topics will usually be an in-depth examination of a subject introduced in other LAT courses. This course is repeatable for credit.
Policing (POL)
POL 100 Critical Aspects of Policing I Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: Utilizing concepts of substantive criminal law and criminal procedure, students will learn the appropriate application of criminal statutes as well as alternative methods of resolution. Topics include tactical communication and methods for overcoming communication obstacles when dealing with highly emotional matters commonly encountered in policing. Also examined will be various technical aspects of patrol operations and criminal investigations. This course will be one of a series of courses designed to meet Missouri POST requirements for a Class A License for Peace Officer Certification. (Note: A Peace Officer License does not empower the recipient with the authority to arrest or enforce any of the laws of the State of Missouri. This will occur only after the recipient has been employed and commissioned by a law enforcement agency.) Prerequisite(s): Permission of the Law Enforcement Academy Training Director.
POL 130 Critical Aspects of Policing 2 Credits: 3
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: Builds on the foundations of Critical Aspects of Policing I. Through the integration of theory and practice students will continue to develop expertise for dealing with problems encountered by law enforcement officers. Emphasis will be placed on the development of proficiency and professionalism in interpersonal perspectives, as well as legal and technical areas of policing. This course will be one of a series of courses designed to meet Missouri POST requirements for a Class A License for Peace Officer Certification. (Note: A Peace Officer License does not empower the recipient with the authority to arrest or enforce any of the laws of the State of Missouri. This will occur only after the recipient has been employed and commissioned by a law enforcement agency.)
POL 150 Police Methods and Operations Credits: 6-12
Typically Offered: Departmental Discretion.
Course Description: This course will cover a broad range of topics and utilize field experiences combined with critical thinking techniques to reinforce theory. Subjects will include legal aspects of policing, fundamentals of personal health safety, methods of public service and protection, and use laboratory and practical experiences to develop expertise in the use of instrumentation and equipment commonly employed by law enforcement. This course will be one of a series of courses designed to meet Missouri POST requirements for a Class A License for Peace Officer Certification. (Note: A Peace Officer License does not empower the recipient with the authority to arrest or enforce any of the laws of the State of Missouri. This will occur only after the recipient has been employed and commissioned by a law enforcement agency.) Prerequisite(s): Permission of the Law Enforcement Academy Training Director.
Michael Birmingham (2022) Assistant Professor, Criminal Justice. Ph.D., Concordia University Chicago.
Crystal Dowdell (2024) Instructor, Legal Studies. B.S., Missouri Western Sate University.
Suzanne Kissock (2005) Chairperson and Associate Professor, Legal Studies. J.D., St. Louis University School of Law.
Gregory Lindsteadt (2005) Professor, Criminal Justice. Ph.D., Indiana University.
David Marble (2013) Associate Professor, Criminal Justice. Ph.D., University of Texas at Dallas.
Montella Smith (2013) Associate Professor, Criminal Justice. J.D., University of Baltimore School of Law.